Diammonium Phosphate DAP

Catalog NumberACM7783280-2

CAS Number7783-28-0

CategoryAmmonium Phosphate

Synonyms	ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate dibasic
IUPAC Name	diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Molecular Weight	132
Molecular Formula	(NH4)2HPO4
SMILES	[NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O
InChI	1/2H3N.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1
InChI Key	MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-REWHXWOFAG
Melting Point	155 °C（428 K）
Density	1.619 g/cm³
Solubility	Easily soluble in water , insoluble in alcohol
Appearance	White crystal
Application	As a fire-prevention agent for fabric, timber and paper. Also as a raw maerials for ammonium polyphosphate of high polymerization. It may be used for makeding printing plates; in food industry it is mainly used as a fermentation agent, nourishment and so on; In agriculture, it is used as a high effective non-chloride N,P compound fertilizer and containing totally 74% fertilizer elements, it is often used as a basic raw material for N,P and K compound fertilizer.
Storage	Store at a cool, dry and well ventilated place.
Content	NH4H2PO4 %≥ 99.0; P2O5 %≥ 53.0; N %≥ 21.0;
Moisture Content	≤ 0.2%
Packaging	Net weight 25 Kg, 50Kg, 1000Kg
pH	pH value of 1%solution is 8.0

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Case Study

Diammonium Phosphate Used for Suppressing Wheat Dust Explosion

Zhao, Qi, et al. Powder technology, 2020, 367, 751-761.

The inhibitory effect of diammonium phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4] on wheat flour explosion of different particle sizes was studied. The results show that the flame propagation distance, speed and temperature were significantly reduced under 25% (NH4)2HPO4, and the wheat flour explosion was significantly suppressed.
The mechanism of (NH4)2HPO4 suppressing dust explosion
· The inhibition mechanism of (NH4)2HPO4 on wheat dust explosions involves several key stages: heat absorption, oxygen dilution, oxide attachment, and free radical adsorption.
· Initially, (NH4)2HPO4 decomposes upon absorbing heat from the combustion of dust, resulting in the release of water molecules. This process reduces thermal radiation and enhances the cooling effect within the reaction system.
· As more combustible substances, such as CO, CH4, and CxHy (larger hydrocarbons), are released from the wheat dust, (NH4)2HPO4 also generates significant amounts of NH3(g) and H2O(g), which effectively dilute the combustible gases. Additionally, NH3(g) acts as a nonflammable gas, further suppressing the potential for explosion.
· As (NH4)2HPO4 undergoes pyrolysis, it produces various phosphorus oxides, including H3PO4, HPO3, and P2O5. These oxides coat the dust particles' surfaces, impeding heat transfer. Notably, P2O5 forms a stable inert oxide film that provides excellent thermal insulation.
· Lastly, free radicals such as O·, H·, and OH·-which facilitate the combustion of wheat dust-are adsorbed and neutralized through interactions with pyrolysis products like (NH4+), effectively disrupting chain reactions and significantly mitigating the risk of a dust explosion.

Effect of Diammonium Phosphate on Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites

Suardana, Ngakan Putu Gede, et al. Materials & Design, 2011, 32(4), 1990-1999.

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was used to treat the fibers, which were subsequently used in the preparation of composites. The composites were made from film resins (polylactic acid, PLA and polypropylene, PP) and natural fibers (coconut filter and jute fibers) by hot pressing. The results showed that increasing the percentage of DAP used to treat the fibers was effective in improving the flame retardancy, weight loss rate, and flexural modulus, but it decreased the flexural strength and tensile strength of the biocomposites.
Preparation procedure of DAP-treated fibers
· Coconut filter fibers, measuring between 200 μm and 400 μm in diameter, along with jute fibers, were cut to lengths ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm. To eliminate dust and impurities, both types of fibers were washed with water and subsequently boiled in water at 100°C for one hour. Afterward, the fibers were rinsed with tap water and dried in an oven at 70°C for 12 hours.
· The fibers were immersed in DAP solutions with concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, and 5% by weight. The fiber to DAP solution ratio was set at 1 gram of fiber to 40 milliliters of DAP solution. This mixture was then heated in an oven at 160°C for one hour. Following the heating process, the fibers were extracted from the DAP solution and dried directly in an oven at 70°C for 15 hours. The cooled samples were stored in plastic bags for further use in the preparation of composites.

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