Resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate

Catalog NumberACM125997219-1

CAS Number125997-21-9

CategoryPhosphate Ester Flame Retardant

Molecular Formula	C30H24O4P2; (C6H6O2.Cl3OP)x.xC6H6O
Application	Flame Retardant

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Case Study

Enhancing Cotton Flame Retardancy with Resorcinol Bis-Diphenylphosphate

Jang, Yong-Man, et al. Cellulose 28.7 (2021): 4455-4467.

A halogen-free phosphorus-based FR, Resorcinol Bis-Diphenylphosphate (RDP), was synthesized using resorcinol, phenol, and phosphorus oxychloride catalyzed by magnesium chloride. Urea-formalin resin (UFR) was employed as a cross-linking agent to bond RDP durably onto cotton cellulose fibers.
Methodology: Synthesized RDP was applied to cotton fabric in aqueous solutions with varying concentrations of RDP and UFR. Treated fabrics underwent thermal curing, with temperature and duration optimized. Performance was evaluated through vertical flammability testing, alongside assessments of mass gain, color change, wash resistance, and hand feel.
Key Results:
· Vertical flammability testing identified 25% RDP combined with 15% UFR (concentrations relative to fabric weight) as the optimal formulation, delivering effective flame retardancy.
· This work tested different heat-treating temperatures and durations, finding the optimal condition of 160°C and 2 min. This treatment preserved fabric properties acceptably.
· SEM/EDX showed limited charring and structural integrity after testing. FT-IR confirmed strong bonding of RDP to cotton via UFR.
· TGA demonstrated altered thermal degradation, with lower initial decomposition temperature and significantly increased char residue, explaining the FR mechanism.

Synergistic Flame Retardancy in SEBS/PPO Composites using Resorcinol Bis(diphenyl phosphate) and Mica

Jiang, Zhijie, et al. Polymer degradation and stability 98.12 (2013): 2765-2773.

In this study, a synergistic flame retardancy effect by the addition of Resorcinol Bis-Diphenylphosphate (RDP) and mica to a compatibilized styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene triblock polymer (SEBS)/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) blend was studied (SEBS/PPO/SEBS-g-MAH, mass ratio 11/11/3).
Evaluation Method: Composites were prepared by incorporating varying ratios of RDP (10-15 wt%) and mica (15-10 wt%), maintaining a total additive loading of 25 wt%. Flame retardancy was rigorously evaluated using Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), UL94 vertical burning tests, and cone calorimetry. The synergy between RDP and mica was mathematically assessed using a Synergistic Effect index (SE) based on LOI, residue yield, peak heat release rate (PHRR), and total heat evolved per mass loss (THE/ML).
Key Results:
· The formulation with a total loading of 25 wt% (RDP and mica with a weight ratio of 10-15%/15-10%) was UL94 V-0 rated.
· The extensive data from flame retardancy testing shows a strong synergy of RDP and mica with positive SE values, calculated from various parameters including LOI, residue yield, PHRR, and THE/ML.
· Dual-phase mechanism: 1) Gas Phase: RDP likely released phosphorus-containing radicals that interfered with combustion reactions. 2) Condensed Phase: The combination of RDP and mica slowed the degradation rate of the polymer matrix and promoted the formation of a significantly more consolidated, protective char layer with higher residue yield, acting as a thermal barrier.

Enhancing Polyethylene Flame Retardance with Microencapsulated Resorcinol Bis(Diphenyl Phosphate) Synergy

Choe, Chung-Guk, et al. Polymer Bulletin 80.9 (2023): 9727-9744.

Challenge: Polyethylene (PE) requires effective flame retardant modification for safety and environmental compliance, but its inherent incompatibility with resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) limits direct application.
Solution: To address RDP-PE incompatibility, RDP was microencapsulated using a melamine-urea-formalin resin shell (denoted MCRDP). This enabled uniform dispersion within PE composites. Synergistic flame retardancy was pursued by combining MCRDP with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MCRP) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), targeting multi-mechanism protection.
Methodology: Encapsulation of RDP was carried out with melamine-urea-formalin resin shell (abbr. as MCRDP) to overcome the compatibility issue of RDP with PE for homogenous dispersion of RDP. PE composites were prepared with varying ratios of MCRDP, MCRP, and MH. Flame retardance was evaluated via UL-94 vertical burning tests, while thermal stability was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Key Results:
· The PE/20%MCRDP/5%MCRP/5%MH composite achieved the highest flame retardant performance in UL-94 testing, demonstrating effective anti-dripping capabilities.
· TGA confirmed enhanced thermal stability: The optimized composite exhibited a higher decomposition temperature than both pure PE and a PE/30%MCRDP control. This thermal improvement evidenced a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) synergy between MCRDP and MCRP.
· Compatibility: Microencapsulation resolved RDP dispersion issues, enabling uniform integration within the PE matrix.

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