Melamine phosphate

Catalog NumberACM20208951

CAS Number20208-95-1

CategoryNitrogen Flame Retardant

Synonyms	1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate; INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000; SLFR-7; 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1); Non-halogen flame-retardant MP; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine·phosphoric acid; Melamine phosphoric acid;Melamine polyphosphate;Melamine phosphate;Melamine orthophosphate
Molecular Weight	224.12
Molecular Formula	C3H9N6O4P
Application	Catalyst, Flame Retardant
Notes	Melamine phosphate uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, polyolefins, polyester, rubbers, pigmented coatings, latex intumescent coating formulations, paper, textiles; catalyst in intumescent systems; intumescent paintmastic ingredient

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Case Study

Enhancing Polyethylene Flame Retardancy with a Copper-Melamine Phosphate Synergistic System

Salasinska, K., et al. Fire Safety Journal 115 (2020): 103137.

This study investigated a novel flame retardant for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) based on a synergistic mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate (CUMP). The research evaluated its effectiveness in improving fire resistance and thermal stability compared to pure HDPE and a system with a commercial ammonium polyphosphate (APP) retardant. The CUMP additive was synthesized and incorporated into HDPE at a 20 wt% loading via twin-screw extrusion and compression molding.
Key Performance: The PE/CUMP composite demonstrated a superior ability to form a protective char layer during combustion compared to both pure PE and the PE/APP reference. Thermal analysis indicated that the presence of copper catalyzed the polymer's degradation process at a lower temperature. This earlier breakdown favors the cyclization of hydrocarbon chains into complex, thermally stable aromatic structures that constitute an effective char. This insulating char layer is a key mechanism for the improved fire performance.
Mechanism and Considerations: The flame-retardant action is primarily condensed-phase, where the additive promotes the formation of a stable char barrier that shields the underlying polymer from heat and oxygen. While effective in reducing fire growth, the study noted that the CUMP system was associated with increased smoke emission during prolonged smoldering, highlighting an area for potential formulation optimization.

Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Silicone Thermoplastic Elastomer with Melamine Phosphate

Xu, Dawei, et al. Rsc Advances 8.9 (2018): 5034-5041.

This study successfully improved the flame retardancy of a silicone thermoplastic elastomer (Si-TPE), which is inherently more flammable than traditional silicones, by incorporating melamine phosphate (MP). The additive demonstrated a highly effective dual-phase mechanism without compromising key material properties.
Materials and Method: Melamine phosphate, a halogen-free flame retardant, was melt-compounded into a self-prepared Si-TPE matrix using a twin-screw extruder. Composites with MP loadings ranging from 9 to 33 wt% were produced and subsequently injection-molded into test specimens.
Mechanism: The MP additive functioned synergistically in both the gas and condensed phases. Upon heating, it released inert gases (nitrogen, steam, ammonia) to dilute oxygen and cool the flame front. Simultaneously, its phosphoric acid derivatives catalyzed the formation of a denser, more robust protective char layer within the Si-TPE matrix. This combined action effectively insulated the underlying material from heat and oxygen.
Key Performance: At an optimal loading of 28 wt% MP, the composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, the highest fire safety classification, and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28%. Crucially, the additive enhanced key mechanical properties: tensile strength reached 3.5 MPa and Young's modulus increased to 37.7 MPa. Furthermore, MP did not adversely affect the thermal processability of Si-TPE even at this high loading.

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