Melamine Polyphosphate, MPP-A

Catalog NumberACMA00023483

CategoryNitrogen Flame Retardant

Molecular Formula	HO(C3H7N6PO3)nH
Density	300 to 500 kg/m³
Solubility	Solubility max. 0.05 (20°C) g/L
Appearance	White powder
Application	Specially used for glass-fiber reinforced nylon Widely applied to thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, rubber, and fiber
Content	N content 42% to 44% P content 12% to 14%
Decomposition Temperature	min. 375°C
Feature	Halogen-free and very high thermal stability UL94V-0 rating for nylon 66 UL94V-1 rating for nylon 6 UL94V-0 rating for nylon 6 by adding other flame retardants (i.e. pentaerythritol & ammonium polyphosphate)
Packaging	25 kg
Particle Size	D50 max. 2.5 µm, D98 max. 30 µm
pH	4 to 6 (10g/L)

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Case Study

Melamine Polyphosphate in a Halogen-Free, Synergistic Flame-Retardant System for Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Sut, Aleksandra, et al. Polymer Testing 74 (2019): 196-204.

This study described development and evaluation of a halogen-free, multicomponent flame-retardant system for a polyether-type thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based on melamine polyphosphate (MPP), melamine cyanurate (MC) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi).
Formulations: Total additive content fixed at 30 wt%; multiple MPP:MC:AlPi ratios were prepared and screened. Representative, examined mixtures included 10/15/5, 8/12/10 and variations with AlPi at 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt% while keeping the MPP:MC ratio near 2:3. TPU and additives were compounded in a twin-screw extruder and cast into 2 mm films via a cast film line (processing at ~190 °C; throughput ~6 kg/h).
Key Performance:
PHRR reduction & UL-94: The formulation 8/12/10 (MPP/MC/AlPi) reduced PHRR from 2660 kW/m2 (neat TPU) to 452 kW/m2 and achieved UL-94 V-0. Many additive-containing samples reached V-0 classification in UL-94 testing.
Mechanical properties: Carefully chosen combinations improved mechanical metrics. For example, replacing 5 wt% MC with 5 wt% MPP increased elongation at break from 293.7% → 373.4% and tensile strength from 16.7 → 23.2 kJ/m2 in the reported data set.
Cone calorimetry and TGA showed enhanced residue formation for synergistic compositions, consistent with condensed-phase char stabilization and reduced volatile combustion products.

Melamine Polyphosphate with Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microencapsulation for Flame-Retardant, Water-Resistant TPU

Liu, Xiaodong, et al. Polymer Degradation and Stability 160 (2019): 168-176.

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is one of the most common, efficient halogen-free flame retardants that are especially suitable for intumescent systems in polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). However, it is hydrophilic and interfacially incompatible with the polymer matrix, which often results in the loss of fire performance after water immersion. In this work, MPP particles were microencapsulated by a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) for the crosslinking reaction to provide a hydrophobic shell layer. The final microencapsulated MPP (MCMPP) was used to prepare flame-retardant TPU via melt blending. The MCMPP was expected to enhance the dispersion of the flame-retardant and also reduce water absorption and the stable formation of char during combustion.
Highlights: TPU/MCMPP composites containing 15 wt% MCMPP attained LOI value of 29.4% and UL-94 V-0. Compared with neat TPU, the addition of MCMPP reduced the peak heat release rate by 65.9%, total heat release by 24.1%, total smoke release by 87.3% and CO generation by 60.6%. The SEM images of the combustion residue showed a compact and continuous char layer, which was beneficial for condensed-phase protection. After 72 h immersion in water at 70 °C, TPU/MCMPP composites still presented UL-94 V-0 classification, which showed good moisture resistance.

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