Aluminum Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Catalog NumberACM21645512-36

CAS Number21645-51-2

CategoryNano Flame Retardant

Synonyms	Aluminium hydrate
IUPAC Name	aluminum trihydroxide
Molecular Weight	78
Molecular Formula	Al(OH)3
SMILES	[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3]
InChI	InChI=1S/Al.3H₂O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
InChI Key	WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Melting Point	300° C (572° F)
Purity	99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.999%
Density	2.4
Appearance	white powder
MDL Number	MFCD00003420
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong bases.

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Case Study

Nano Aluminum Hydroxide as a Foam Stabilizer and Flame Retardant for Preventing Spontaneous Coal Combustion

Zhang, Leilin, et al. Fuel 304 (2021): 121494.

Nano aluminum hydroxide (nano-ATH) acts as a dual-function additive in aqueous foams, enhancing foam stability through increased liquid film viscoelasticity while providing excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression for coal mine fire prevention.
Fabrication Process: Surfactants B and E were mixed at a 1:1 mass ratio (total concentration 0.4 wt%). Nano-ATH (2 wt%) was added to the surfactant solution. The mixture was foamed using a foam generator to produce nano-ATH composite foam.
Performance Evaluation: The addition of nano-ATH increased the viscoelasticity modulus of the foam liquid film from 0.91 to 3.08 mN/m, foam volume from 380 to 700 mL, and half-life period from 78 to 453 s, demonstrating significantly enhanced foam stability. Cone calorimetry on coal samples treated with nano-ATH foam showed ignition time prolonged from 26 to 176 s, sustained combustion time reduced from 520 to 211 s, peak heat release rate decreased from 117 to 58 kW/m² (50% reduction), and peak smoke production rate dropped from 0.084 to 0.0049 m²/s (94% reduction). The flame-retardant mechanism involves endothermic decomposition of nano-ATH, water release, and formation of a protective Al2O3 layer on the coal surface.
Application Significance: Nano-ATH foam offers a highly effective, environmentally friendly solution for preventing spontaneous coal combustion in goaf areas.

Nano Aluminum Hydroxide as a Performance Enhancer for Mixed-Surfactant Fire-Fighting Foams

Wang, Qingguo, et al. Fire Safety Journal 150 (2024): 104277.

Nano aluminum hydroxide (nano-ATH) acts as an effective additive for short-chain fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon surfactant mixtures, improving foam stability, oil resistance, and fire extinguishing performance despite a slight reduction in initial foamability.
Fabrication Process: Nano-ATH was added to a mixed surfactant solution containing FS-50 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). The dispersion was characterized by surface tension, viscosity, zeta potential, and rheological measurements. Foams were generated using a Waring blender method.
Performance Evaluation: Nano-ATH increased the solution's surface tension and viscosity, but decreased initial foaming volume. Zeta potential measurements confirmed surfactant adsorption onto nano-ATH via electrostatic attraction, increasing desorption energy. Rheometry showed that nano-ATH raised the viscoelastic modulus of the liquid film (from 0.91 to 3.08 mN/m), enhancing resistance to external disturbances. Image analysis revealed that nano-ATH uniformly distributed in the liquid film, reducing foam coarsening and coalescence rates. Oil resistance stability and fuel vapor diffusion inhibition improved by ≈12%. In fire extinguishing tests, nano-ATH shortened extinguishing time by 25% compared to two-phase foam and exhibited superior anti-burning performance. The flame-retardant mechanism combines enhanced thermal stability (via endothermic decomposition and water release) and improved liquid film strength.
Application Significance: Nano-ATH enables high-performance, environmentally friendly fire-fighting foams for liquid fuel fires and coal mine fire prevention.

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