1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl-phosphate

Catalog NumberACFR663199288

CAS Number663199-28-8

CategoryMain Flame-Retardant ILs

Description	For epoxy resins (to improve LOI/UL-94 and reduce peak HRR), cellulose/wood treatments, coatings.
Synonyms	[Bmim][DBP]
Molecular Weight	348.42
Molecular Formula	C16H33N2O4P
Purity	>98.0%(T)
Appearance	Liquid
MDL Number	MFCD09265043
Size	5g/25g
Storage Temperature	Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)

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Case Study

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Dibutyl-Phosphate as a Difunctional Additive for Epoxy Resin Curing and Flame Retardancy

Jiang, Hui-Chun, et al. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 137.5 (2019): 1707-1717.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl-phosphate ([Bmim][DBP]) acts as a reactive difunctional additive for epoxy resin (EP), simultaneously serving as a high-temperature hardener and a flame-retardant synergist, enabling optimized curing and improved fire safety.
Fabrication Process: EP diluted with polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether was mixed with 1.0-3.0 mass% [Bmim][DBP], together with diethylenetriamine (DETA) as a co-hardener and/or ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame retardant. The blends were cured at 100-150 °C.
Performance Evaluation: DSC showed that [Bmim][DBP] introduced a second exothermic curing stage at >220 °C. When 1.5 mass% [Bmim][DBP] was added with DETA, the curing rate decreased and the exothermic interval broadened, indicating process optimization. LOI of EP/DETA increased from 19.4 to 24.0 with 15 mass% [Bmim][DBP] alone; when 1.0 mass% [Bmim][DBP] was combined with APP, LOI rose from 28.7 to 30.0 and UL-94 reached V-0. FTIR confirmed that [Bmim][DBP] participated in cross-linking (new P-C, P-O-P peaks). TGA showed enhanced char formation (residue 21.7 mass% for APP/[Bmim][DBP] system).
Application Significance: [Bmim][DBP] enables a low-loading (1.5-2.0 mass%) difunctional strategy for epoxy resins, balancing curing behavior and flame retardancy.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Dibutyl-Phosphate: Thermal Stability, Pyrolysis Kinetics and Flame-Retardant Potential

Jiang, Hui-Chun, et al. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 138.1 (2019): 489-499.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl-phosphate ([Bmim][DBP]) is a phosphorus-containing ionic liquid with high thermal stability, favorable char-forming ability, and effective flame-retardant performance, making it a promising additive for flammable polymers.
Experimental Protocol: Ramped thermogravimetry (TG) was performed on [Bmim][DBP] at 4-16 K/min under N₂ from 30 to 500 °C. Isothermal TG at 166-200 °C for 24 h evaluated long-term stability. Pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC/MS and FTIR. The ionic liquid was blended into epoxy resin (EP) at 5-15 mass%, and flame retardancy was assessed by LOI and UL-94.
Performance Evaluation: Apparent onset decomposition temperature was 275-297 °C, with residual char 8.6-10.2 mass%. Activation energy (Starink method) was 152-163 kJ/mol, and the kinetic model followed G(x)=-ln(1-x). Maximum operation temperature for 24 h stability was 166 °C. GC/MS detected imidazole derivatives and tributyl phosphate; FTIR confirmed P=O and C=O groups in the residue, indicating a condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism. In EP, 10 mass% [Bmim][DBP] raised LOI from 19.4 to 22.9 and achieved UL-94 V-1, outperforming melamine.
Application Significance: [Bmim][DBP] offers high thermal stability and effective flame retardancy, suitable for polymer modification.

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