1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Catalog NumberACFR174501645

CAS Number174501-64-5

CategoryMain Flame-Retardant ILs

Description	[BMIM]PF6) can be used as a carrier to prepare activated carbon-supported NiCo2(CO3)1.5(OH)3 hybrid materials (ACS@BNCC), which can impart excellent fire resistance and smoke suppression properties to polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Synonyms	[BMIM]PF6
Molecular Weight	284.18
Molecular Formula	C8H15F6N2P
SMILES	F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.CCCCn1cc[n+](C)c1
InChI	1S/C8H15N2.F6P/c1-3-4-5-10-7-6-9(2)8-10;1-7(2,3,4,5)6/h6-8H,3-5H2,1-2H3;/q+1;-1
InChI Key	IXQYBUDWDLYNMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Purity	≥97.0% (HPLC)
Density	1.38 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Appearance	liquid
MDL Number	MFCD03093295
Size	5g/50g/250g

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Case Study

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate as a Multifunctional Additive for Flame-Retardant Polyimine Vitrimer Films

Zhao, Qingyun, et al. Chemical Engineering Journal 495 (2024): 153283.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM·PF6) acts as an effective regulator for phosphorus-containing polyimine vitrimers, simultaneously enhancing mechanical strength, flame retardancy, and reprocessability via hydrogen bonding and microphase separation.
Fabrication Process: A phosphorus-containing polyimine (PI) was first synthesized using Di-(4-benzaldehyde) phenyl-phosphonate as a dialdehyde monomer. BMIM·PF6 was then incorporated as an additive at loadings of 1-5 wt% to obtain composite films (Ionic-PIs) via solution casting.
Performance Evaluation: At only 1 wt% BMIM·PF6, hydrogen bonding with the polyimine network increased mechanical strength. Higher loadings induced microphase separation from BMIM·PF6 aggregation, drastically improving toughness. Ionic-PIs achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) above 27% and a UL-94 VTM-0 rating, attributed to condensed- and gas-phase synergistic flame-retardant effects from the N, P, and F elements. The films exhibited excellent reprocessability at 85 °C and full degradability under acidic conditions.
Application Significance: BMIM·PF6 provides a simple, feasible strategy to balance mechanical performance, fire safety, and recyclability in polyimine vitrimers, expanding their potential in high-performance, sustainable materials.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate as a Surface Modifier for Flake-ANP Hybrid Flame Retardant in Epoxy Resin

Bi, Xue, et al. Polymer Testing 101 (2021): 107284.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) serves as an effective organic modifier for flake-nickel ammonium phosphate (ANP) via weak interactions, significantly improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP) while maintaining good mechanical properties.
Fabrication Process: [BMIM]PF6 and ANP (mass ratio 2:5) were mechanically ground for 30 min, washed with ethanol, and dried to obtain IL-ANP hybrid. EP composites were prepared by incorporating 2-6 phr IL-ANP into EP with m-phenylenediamine curing agent.
Performance Evaluation: FTIR and XRD confirmed successful loading of [BMIM]PF6 onto ANP through hydrogen bonding, with good dispersion observed by SEM-EDS. At 6 phr IL-ANP/EP, the LOI increased from 24.4% (neat EP) to 30.3%, reaching UL-94 V-1 rating. Cone calorimetry showed a 48.1% reduction in peak heat release rate, 25.8% lower total heat release, and 50.8% less CO production. The hybrid promoted a dense, intumescent char layer containing Ni3(PO4)2 and Ni12P5, while releasing NH3 as non-combustible gas. Impact toughness improved by 53% at 4 phr loading.
Application Significance: [BMIM]PF6 enables a high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant for EP, combining gas-phase dilution, catalytic charring, and physical barrier effects.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate as a Flame-Retardant Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes

Zhu, Yucheng, et al. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries 79 (2022): 104837.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6) serves as an effective flame-retardant component in carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, significantly improving thermal safety while maintaining good electrochemical performance.
Fabrication Process: Binary electrolytes were prepared by mixing [Bmim]PF6 with conventional carbonate solvents at different volume ratios. The optimized formulation contained 5 vol% [Bmim]PF6, which was then used in LiFePO₄ electrode batteries.
Performance Evaluation: The [Bmim]PF6 binary electrolyte exhibited substantially lower combustibility and higher thermal stability compared to commercial carbonate electrolytes, with stable performance up to 300 °C. At the optimal 5% loading, ionic conductivity was enhanced, and the electrolyte showed a wide electrochemical window. In LiFePO₄ batteries, the 5% [Bmim]PF6 electrolyte delivered higher discharge capacity and capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C charge-discharge rate than the commercial electrolyte. The phosphorus and fluorine elements in [Bmim]PF6 contribute to both flame retardancy (gas-phase radical quenching) and electrochemical stability.
Application Significance: [Bmim]PF6 offers a promising route to safer lithium-ion battery electrolytes, balancing non-flammability with high ionic conductivity and long-term cycling stability.

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