Magnesium carbonate

Catalog NumberACM546930-2

CAS Number546-93-0 / 23389-33-5

CategoryAluminum-Magnesium Flame Retardant

Synonyms	Magnesium carbonate;Carbonate magnesium; Carbonic acid magnesium salt; Carbonic acid magnesium salt (11); Carbonic acid magnesium salt (21); CI 77713 Hydromagnesite; Light magnesium carbonate; Magnesia alba; Magnesite; Magnesium (II) carbonate (11) Magnesium carbonate precipitated
Molecular Formula	CO3 Mg
Application	Antacid, Flame Retardant, Acid
Notes	Magnesium carbonate is a Basic dehydrated magnesium carbonate or normal hydrated magnesium carbonate; the naturally occurring mineral is magnesite Magnesium carbonate uses and applications include: Magnesium salts; heat insulation and refractory; glass; table salt; filler in paper, plastics, rubber; rubber reinforcing agent; fire extinguishant; fireproofing agent; flatting agent in paints, printing inks; polishing compds.; filtering medium; plastics flame retardant and filler; drying agent, color retention agent, anticaking agent, alkaliacidity regulator, carrier in foods; pharmaceuticals (anticaking agent, colorant, buffer, abrasive in dentifrices, antacid); absorbent, opacifier in cosmetics; activator in food-contact rubber articles for repeated use

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Case Study

Synergistic Effect of Modified Magnesium Carbonate and Hexaphenoxy Cyclotriphosphazene on Flame Retardancy of EVA Copolymer

Liu, Yuan, et al. RSC advances, 2024, 14(21), 15143-15154.

The surface of anhydrous magnesium carbonate (AMC) was successfully modified by grafting 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570). This modified AMC (designated AMC@KH570) was subsequently incorporated into an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) matrix alongside hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) to evaluate their combined impact on the EVA composites.
Key Findings
AMC@KH570 and HPCTP demonstrated a significant synergistic effect in improving the flame retardancy of the EVA composites. Specifically, the composite containing 5 wt% HPCTP and 45 wt% AMC@KH570 (labeled mAMC/H-45-5) achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.6% and a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test (UL-94).
Flame Retardant Mechanism
The flame-retardant mechanism included three actions: gas dilution, free radical quenching and catalytic carbonization through thermal decomposition of AMC@KH570 and HPCTP. The KH570 modification served as a compatibilizing agent that linked the AMC filler with the EVA matrix to mitigate the regular mechanical property degradation seen in EVA composites.
Synthesis of Modified AMC
AMC (10 wt%) surface activation was performed using an alkaline solution (1 mol/L NaOH + 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3) at room temperature for 2 hours. The solid (OH-AMC) was then collected by vacuum filtration, washed with anhydrous ethanol to pH 7, and dried at 100 °C for 24 hours. Separately, KH570 (3 wt%) was dissolved in 95 vol% ethanol and ultrasonically hydrolyzed for 20 minutes. This solution was added to OH-AMC in a single-neck flask. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 80 °C for 4 hours. The final product, AMC@KH570, was obtained by filtration, washing, and drying at 60 °C for 12 hours.

High-Pressure Preparation Method of Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardant Anhydrous Magnesium Carbonate

Liang, Wen, et al. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 702, 346-351.

Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) is a new inorganic flame retardant. Compared with traditional flame retardants, it has the advantages of good heat absorption, extinguishing fire by releasing CO2, and no pollution to the environment. This work reports a simple method for preparing anhydrous MgCO3 by dehydration under high pressure and high temperature conditions using magnesium carbonate trihydrate (MgCO3·3H2O) as raw material.
Details of the High-pressure dehydration method
The starting material, MgCO3·3H2O (99.9%), was ground using an agate mortar along with acetone. A sample pellet was then formed and sealed inside a silver capsule measuring 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length. The high-pressure synthesis was carried out using a DS 6 600t cubic-anvil-type apparatus, employing NaCl as the pressure medium. The apparatus featured tungsten carbide anvils with a truncation edge length of 23.5 mm, and pressure calibration was achieved through the Bi phase transition and the melting curves of chlorides such as LiCl, KCl, and NaCl under high pressure. A graphite heater, with an inner diameter of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 14 mm, along with a K-type thermocouple, was utilized during the experiments. Various pressure and temperature conditions were tested for the synthesis trials. After quickly cooling to room temperature, the pressure was gradually released. Once the silver coating was cleaned off, the sample was retrieved. The optimal synthesis conditions were determined to be 3 GPa and 800 °C for a duration of 1 hour.

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