Melamine cyanurate

Catalog NumberACM37640576-2

CAS Number37640-57-6

CategoryNitrogen Flame Retardant

Description	DryPowder; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
Synonyms	Melamine cyanurate;Melamine-cyanuric acid compd.; Melamine isocyanurate; 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine compd. with s-triazinetriol; s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-, compd. with s-triazine-triol; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, compd. with 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (11)
IUPAC Name	1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Molecular Weight	255.19
Molecular Formula	C3H6N6 C3H3N3O3
Canonical SMILES	C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N.C1(=O)NC(=O)NC(=O)N1
InChI	InChI=1S/C3H6N6.C3H3N3O3/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;7-1-4-2(8)6-3(9)5-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
InChI Key	ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point	>300 °C
Purity	Technical grade
Application	Resins, Flame Retardant
Notes	Melamine cyanurate uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, resins, polyamides, PUs, polyolefins, thermoset polyester, epoxies, PP, PBT, nylon, intumescents, paintscoatings, carpets

Case Study

Synergistic Flame Retardancy of Melamine Cyanurate and Aluminum Diethylphosphinate in Epoxy Resin

Chen, Wenhua, et al. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136.12 (2019): 47223.

This study examined the synergistic flame retardant effects of melamine cyanurate (MCA) combined with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) in epoxy resin (EP) composites. The research focused on overcoming dispersion challenges through surface modification and investigating the complementary flame retardancy mechanisms of these additives.
Preparation: The flame retardants (MCA and AlPi) were surface-modified using coupling agent DL-44A to prevent aggregation during processing. The optimal MCA/AlPi mass ratio was established at 2:1 with a total loading of 30 wt%. EP composites were prepared by mixing the modified FR system with epoxy resin, hardener, and accelerator, followed by curing at 110°C for 5 hours and post-curing at 150°C for 2 hours.
Key Results:
· The integration of MCA with AlPi demonstrated a clear synergistic effect, resulting in the FR EP resin and composite achieving a UL94V0 rating and a LOI value of 33.0% at a loading of 30 wt % of FRs. The surface treatment effectively addressed the sedimentation issue during the curing of EP composites, ensuring good dispersion and high efficiency of the modified MCA/AlPi.
· During combustion, MCA decomposed separately and contributed to flame retardancy by providing a fuel dilution effect in the gas phase. The flame inhibition provided by MCA allows more time for subsequent char formation. Additionally, the phosphorus species generated from AlPi's decomposition interacted with the degraded products of EP, forming a protective barrier to shield the underlying polymer from fire.

Synergistic Flame Retardant System of Melamine Cyanurate and Polyphosphamide in Polyamide 6

Shan, Hao, et al. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 5.7 (2023): 5322-5333.

The synergistic flame retardant effects were achieved by combining melamine cyanurate (MCA) with a novel poly(triazine-phosphamide) (BPGA) in polyamide 6 (PA6) composites. The research focused on the complementary mechanisms through which this combination enhances both gas-phase and condensed-phase flame inhibition.
Key Findings:
· The flame-retardant performance was optimized when blending BPGA and MCA at a 7/7 mass ratio, which led to the increased flame resistance (LOI value), self-extinguishing capability (UL 94 grade), and quality retention (increased char residue).
· This BPGA/MCA combination exhibited a strong synergistic charring effect, generating a greater quantity of thermally stable residues with abundant P-N cross-linked structures due to the interactions or reactions between BPGA and MCA in the condensed phase, notably influencing the thermal decomposition behavior of the matrix.
· In the gas phase, the BPGA and MCA mixture released a consistent supply of noncombustible gases during the main degradation stage of the matrix, which helped dilute the concentrations of flammable gases and oxygen. Additionally, P-containing radicals formed from BPGA's thermal decomposition could interrupt the free-radical chain reactions during combustion, effectively suppressing the flame.

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