Non-halogen Environmentally Friendly Phosphazene Flame Retardants

Catalog NumberACMA00023465

CategoryPhosphazene Flame Retardant

Description	These compounds are composed of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms which provide functionality to flame retardancy. Our materials offers superior moisture and heat resistance and are particularly suitable for electronic applications.
Melting Point	110°C
Solubility	Methanol: 0.1% Ethanol : 0.3% Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether: 6.1 % Propylene glycol monomethyl ether: 5.9% Acetone: 37.4% MEK: 46.6% DMF: 47.6% Cyclohexanone : 50% Toluene: 33%
Appearance	White-pale yellow fine or coarse granule
Application	Circuit boards Functional sealants High-frequency components Resin moldings (PC, PPE, PET, PBT, HDPE, etc.) Adhesives Paint additives
Content	Phosphorus Contents 13% Ionic Impurities <100ppm
Decomposition Temperature	>350℃
Feature	Non-halogen green chemistry Outstanding hydrolysis resistance Superior heat resistance; can be used in variety of engineering plastics Melts with heat and dissolves in solvents, can be used in wide range of applications

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Case Study

Evaluation of Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives as Multifunctional Electrolyte Additives for High-Safety Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wang, Wenlian, et al. ACS Applied Energy Materials 4.7 (2021): 7101-7111.

A relative study on the performances of three additives, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN), hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene (FPPN), and pentafluoro(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (HFPN), which are all flame-retardant film-forming derivatives of cyclotriphosphazene, was reported.
Electrolyte Preparation: A baseline electrolyte of 1 M LiPF6 in an EC:EMC (1:2 by weight) mixture was prepared. The three functional electrolytes were formulated by adding specific concentrations of PFPN, FPPN, or HFPN to this baseline solution.
Flame Retardancy Efficiency: All three additives successfully suppressed electrolyte flammability. However, their efficacy varied significantly. PFPN achieved the target flame-retardant effect at a lower concentration (5%) compared to both FPPN and HFPN (which required 8%). This suggests that the ethoxy (-OC2H5) group in PFPN may contribute to a superior flame-retardant action.
Electrochemical Cycling Stability: The most dramatic differences emerged in long-term cycling performance. Of the three phosphazene additives evaluated, FPPN and HFPN demonstrated significantly superior long-term electrochemical cycling stability compared to PFPN. In 1C cycling tests within a 3.0-4.4 V range, pouch cells containing FPPN additive retained 74.7% of their capacity after 150 cycles, while those with HFPN retained 73.8%. In contrast, cells with PFPN additive showed a lower capacity retention of 60.7%. The baseline cells without any additive retained only 36.1% of their initial capacity. The data indicates that while PFPN is effective, FPPN delivers the most balanced performance, offering the highest capacity retention alongside effective flame retardancy.

Phosphazene Flame Retardants: Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene for Rapid-Curing Epoxy Resins

Seraji, Seyed Mohsen, et al. Reactive and Functional Polymers 164 (2021): 104910.

This study examined hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) used as a reactive, low-loading flame retardant in a fast-cure, low-viscosity epoxy/amine system designed for high-pressure resin transfer moulding (HP-RTM). HPCTP was shown to remain miscible through processing and cure, to produce UL-94 V-0 performance and high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values at modest loadings (10-20 phr), and to deliver these fire-safety benefits with only small impacts on viscosity, cureability and mechanical properties - attributes that make the formulation attractive for liquid moulding composite manufacture.
Formulation and Processing: A series of formulations was prepared with HPCTP loadings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 parts per hundred parts of resin (phr). HPCTP was first dissolved into the blended epoxy resins at 125°C to form a clear mixture. After cooling to 80°C, the catalyst and curing agent were added under mixing. The resulting resins were cast and cured at 130°C for 3 hours. Crucially, all cured samples remained fully transparent, indicating excellent miscibility and no phase separation of the HPCTP within the cross-linked epoxy network-a key factor for consistent performance.
Flame Retardancy Performance: With an addition of only 10 phr HPCTP, the cured epoxy achieved a V-0 rating-the highest performance classification in the vertical burn test, indicating self-extinguishing behavior. The LOI, which measures the minimum oxygen concentration required to support combustion, increased dramatically. The formulation with 10 phr HPCTP achieved an LOI of 36.2%, classifying it as a highly flame-retardant material. At 20 phr, the LOI reached 43.6%.

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